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Accurate triangulation requires that we can accurately locate the center of the beam in the images. In the ideal case, shown on top, this is not too difficult to do. In the center we have a light beam, with Gaussian intensity distribution, illuminating a flat surface. The cameras on the left and right both see an approximately Gaussian intensity distribution, the center of the beam is detected and the correct surface point is recovered.
On the bottom we have some more complicated configurations. For example, in the leftmost image the right camera can see only part of the stripe, which biases the center estimate, which again biases the 3D point estimate. Similar problems also happen in the other two configurations.