A. You can't as far as I know. Don't worry about the fact that things are not tesselated as much as you might like. In regards to the low level of detail model, use boxes in place of cyliders since you know they have six polygons.
A. Use an LOD node as demonstrated in the Tutuorial pages. You will need to establish at least two viewpoints in your scene. One that shows off the high level of detail, and another that shows the low level of detail. These viewpoints will be the appropriate distance from your object to make sure the right LOD is displayed.
A. See this example http://graphics.stanford.edu/~jedavis/248/Assignments/VRML_Tutorial/exposedProto.wrl
A. See this example http://graphics.stanford.edu/~jedavis/248/Assignments/VRML_Tutorial/exposedProto.wrl
A. Each Sphere, Box, or Cylinder (or other things) is a primative. If you have three spheres, two cylinders, and a box, that makes six primatives.
http://www.trapezium.com/vorlon.html has an on-line VRML validator. Thanks to Chris Quartetti for this as well as the next tip.